A Second Replicated Quantitative Analysis of Fault Distributions in Complex Software Systems

Background. Software engineering is in search for general principles that apply across contexts, for example to help guide software quality assurance. Fenton and Ohlsson presented such observations on fault distributions, which have been replicated once. Objectives.We intend to replicate their study a second time in a new environment. Method.We conducted a close replication, collecting defect data from five consecutive releases of a large software system in the telecommunications domain, and conducted the same analysis as in the original study. Results. The replication confirms results on un-evenly distributed faults over modules, and that fault proneness distribution persist over test phases. Size measures are not useful as predictors of fault proneness, while fault densities are of the same order of magnitude across releases and contexts. Conclusions. This replication confirms that the un-even distribution of defects motivates un-even distribution of quality assurance efforts, although predictors for such distribution of efforts are not sufficiently precise

SusTrainable: Promoting Sustainability as a Fundamental Driver in Software Development Training and Education. 2nd Teacher Training, January 23-27, 2023, Pula, Croatia. Revised lecture notes

This volume exhibits the revised lecture notes of the 2nd teacher training organized as part of the project Promoting Sustainability as a Fundamental Driver in Software Development Training and Education, held at the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Croatia, in the week January 23-27, 2023. It is the Erasmus+ project No. 2020-1-PT01-KA203-078646 - Sustrainable. More details can be found at the project web site https://sustrainable.github.io/ One of the most important contributions of the project are two summer schools. The 2nd SusTrainable Summer School (SusTrainable - 23) will be organized at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, in the week July 10-14, 2023. The summer school will consist of lectures and practical work for master and PhD students in computing science and closely related fields. There will be contributions from Babe\c{s}-Bolyai University, E\"{o}tv\"{o}s Lor\'{a}nd University, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Radboud University Nijmegen, Roskilde University, Technical University of Ko\v{s}ice, University of Amsterdam, University of Coimbra, University of Minho, University of Plovdiv, University of Porto, University of Rijeka. To prepare and streamline the summer school, the consortium organized a teacher training in Pula, Croatia. This was an event of five full days, organized by Tihana Galinac Grbac and Neven Grbac. The Juraj Dobrila University of Pula is very concerned with the sustainability issues. The education, research and management are conducted with sustainability goals in mind. The contributions in the proceedings were reviewed and provide a good overview of the range of topics that will be covered at the summer school. The papers in the proceedings, as well as the very constructive and cooperative teacher training, guarantee the highest quality and beneficial summer school for all participants.Comment: 85 pages, 8 figures, 3 code listings and 1 table; editors: Tihana Galinac Grbac, Csaba Szab\'{o}, Jo\~{a}o Paulo Fernande

Ambient orchestration in assisted environment

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) stands for information and communication technology enabled smart home environment that serves persons, especially the elderly and disabled in their independent living. Among many already developed AAL systems, technologies, resources and services, the main problem about their inherent interconnection still remains. One of the big research issues is to propose reference architecture and develop an open and standardized platform that should serve wider community as an enabler for cooperating concept – collaboration between competitors. This paper presents an experimental ambient orchestration in assisted environment on top of universAAL middleware that is based on the reference architecture under development within universAAL research project. Our contributions are the following: interconnection scenario using industry commercial products, verification of reference architecture and user guides, developed web services for ambient orchestration within case study and its demonstration in real environment

Improving Software Development Efficiency by Managing Early Verification Process

Proces verifikacije u okviru životnog ciklusa programskog proizvoda može se podijeliti obzirom na cijenu verifikacijskih aktivnosti u dva dijela: ranu i kasnu verifikaciju. Ova disertacija bavi se ranom verifikacijom, budući da je ispravak ranije otkrivenih neispravnosti u programskom proizvodu jednostavniji i jeftiniji. Dakle, poboljšanje procesa odlučivanja i upravljanja procesom rane verifikacije, donosi poboljšanje učinkovitosti čitavog životnog ciklusa programskog proizvoda. Osnovni doprinos disertacije je model upravljanja procesom rane verifikacije zajedno s metodom za procjenu napora zasnovanoj na analogiji te odgovarajućom metrikom modela. Metoda statistički klasificira programske jedinice tekućeg projekta oslanjajući se na povijesne podatke. Nadalje, metoda određuje klase za koje je ulaganje dodatnog napora u ranu verifikaciju isplativo s obzirom na učinkovitost cjelokupnog životnog ciklusa programskog proizvoda, te određuje količinu tog napora. Metrika za model koristi novi koncept prospojne mjerne konstrukcije. Predloženi model upravljanja ranom verifikacijom verificiran je koristeći simulacijske metode, te validiran na podacima iz stvarnog industrijskog projekta razvoja programskog proizvoda za telekomunikacijske sustave.with respect to the cost of its activities in two parts: early and late verication. The focus of this thesis is on the early verication, since the earlier the software fault is found the easier and cheaper to correct it. Thus, improving the decision making and managing of the early verication process improves the entire software product lifecycle eciency. The main contribution of the thesis is a management model for the early veri cation process along with the analogy based eort estimation method and the appropriate model metric. The method statistically classies the software units of the ongoing project relying on the history data. It determines the classes for which an additional eort in early verication would be worth investing in the terms of the eciency of the whole product lifecycle, and species the amount of that eort. The metric for the model uses the new concept of the interconnect measurement construct. The proposed early verication management model is veried using simulation methods, and validated on the data from a real industrial telecommunication software development project

Improving Software Development Efficiency by Managing Early Verification Process

Proces verifikacije u okviru životnog ciklusa programskog proizvoda može se podijeliti obzirom na cijenu verifikacijskih aktivnosti u dva dijela: ranu i kasnu verifikaciju. Ova disertacija bavi se ranom verifikacijom, budući da je ispravak ranije otkrivenih neispravnosti u programskom proizvodu jednostavniji i jeftiniji. Dakle, poboljšanje procesa odlučivanja i upravljanja procesom rane verifikacije, donosi poboljšanje učinkovitosti čitavog životnog ciklusa programskog proizvoda. Osnovni doprinos disertacije je model upravljanja procesom rane verifikacije zajedno s metodom za procjenu napora zasnovanoj na analogiji te odgovarajućom metrikom modela. Metoda statistički klasificira programske jedinice tekućeg projekta oslanjajući se na povijesne podatke. Nadalje, metoda određuje klase za koje je ulaganje dodatnog napora u ranu verifikaciju isplativo s obzirom na učinkovitost cjelokupnog životnog ciklusa programskog proizvoda, te određuje količinu tog napora. Metrika za model koristi novi koncept prospojne mjerne konstrukcije. Predloženi model upravljanja ranom verifikacijom verificiran je koristeći simulacijske metode, te validiran na podacima iz stvarnog industrijskog projekta razvoja programskog proizvoda za telekomunikacijske sustave.with respect to the cost of its activities in two parts: early and late verication. The focus of this thesis is on the early verication, since the earlier the software fault is found the easier and cheaper to correct it. Thus, improving the decision making and managing of the early verication process improves the entire software product lifecycle eciency. The main contribution of the thesis is a management model for the early veri cation process along with the analogy based eort estimation method and the appropriate model metric. The method statistically classies the software units of the ongoing project relying on the history data. It determines the classes for which an additional eort in early verication would be worth investing in the terms of the eciency of the whole product lifecycle, and species the amount of that eort. The metric for the model uses the new concept of the interconnect measurement construct. The proposed early verication management model is veried using simulation methods, and validated on the data from a real industrial telecommunication software development project

Plug-in Software Engineering Case Studies

Empirical software engineering is a growing research area. Industrial experience gathered by systematic empirical case studies is extremely important for further evolution of the software engineering discipline. Scientific theory cannot provide effective means for software industry without fundamental understanding of the evolutionary development of complex software systems. However, there are certain limitations in performing observational quantitative case studies in real software engineering environments, and to enable their replication. In this paper, we propose a framework that would allow plug-in case studies for industries, aiming to overcome obstacles of engagement and wide replications of industrial empirical studies

Software structure evolution and relation to system defectiveness

We still do not have clear figure about how software systems evolve and how we may control its evolution process. Software structure has been identified that may have the biggest impact, especially because it may be represented from numerous perspectives. Novelty introduced in this paper is the way how we define the structure of evolving complex software systems. The structure is represented with help of graph representations, and subgraph frequencies, the concept reused from the network analysis theory. The graph structure of a software system and its evolution over the system versions, as well as its relation to defectiveness, is empirically studied in terms of subgraph frequencies and motifs for more than 30 releases of three large open source software systems. We identified that the same set of subgraphs of software system is present across the system version, but different sets, although overlapping, are present in different software systems. Furthermore, we confirmed the continuous system evolution in terms of continuous structure change and we find some evidence for its relation to system defectiveness